In this study, the ethanolic leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata was analyzed for qualitative and quantitative composition and evaluated for oral toxicity in Swiss Webster albino mice. The mice were grouped into two and tested for acute (fixed single dose… More

In this study, the ethanolic leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata was analyzed for qualitative and quantitative composition and evaluated for oral toxicity in Swiss Webster albino mice. The mice were grouped into two and tested for acute (fixed single dose of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg) and sub-acute (daily dose of 250 and 500mg/kg extract for 28 days) toxicity. Animal behavior, body weight, morbidity, and mortality were monitored for 14 days (acute) and 28 days (sub-acute), respectively. Hematologic and blood chemistry parameters (alanine transaminase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine) were measured and analyzed. The mice were sacrificed and necropsied at the end of the study, and organ weights were analyzed. Based on the phytochemical analysis, C. odorata contained phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and anthraquinones. Total phenolic and flavonoids were 146.69±10.25 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE/L) and 25.75±2.64 mg quercetin equivalent (QE/g). A single dose of the extract (2000-5000mg/kg) is non-lethal but causes temporary toxicity signs. Repeated doses (250-500 mg/kg) caused low ALT, mortality (500 mg/kg), tachypnea, dry hair coat, and alopecia. Both acute and sub-acute toxicity of the leaf extract hampers growth. Less

Around 2,000 cases of animal bites are reported every year in animal bite centers in Maramag, Bukidnon. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with dog bite victims in selected barangays of Maramag, Bukidnon, Philippines. A… More

Around 2,000 cases of animal bites are reported every year in animal bite centers in Maramag, Bukidnon. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with dog bite victims in selected barangays of Maramag, Bukidnon, Philippines. A face-to-face interview was carried out using a pre-tested questionnaire among 402 residents in Maramag, Bukidnon, to determine the prevalence and risk factors of dog bite victims of the municipality. Ten barangays were grouped into the rural and urban type of community. The results showed that the apparent prevalence of dog bite victims among residents of Maramag, Bukidnon was 23.6% (95/402). The urban barangays had a prevalence of 26.2% compared to rural barangays with 21%. The gender of victims, civil status, educational attainment, and dogownership are the risk factors that are statistically significant in dog bites. The study revealed that dog bite victims of Maramag, Bukidnon are prevalent with 23.6%, and this result does not depend on the type of community. Furthermore, the study shows that being male, single, have low educational attainment, and dog-ownership increases the risks of being bitten by dogs. Less