The study aimed to evaluate the acaricidal efficacy of the ethanol leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Tinospora rumphii Boerl., and Vitex negundo against Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis. It also aimed to determine the concentration level of each leaf… More

The study aimed to evaluate the acaricidal efficacy of the ethanol leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Tinospora rumphii Boerl., and Vitex negundo against Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis. It also aimed to determine the concentration level of each leaf extract which has the highest acaricidal activity. Ethanolic leaf extracts from the plants were prepared in 10% and 50% concentrations. Mite mortality was not ed as percentage efficacy and was measured 0.5, 1, 2, and 6 hours post-exposure. The study utilized Completed Randomized Design and One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for the data. All concentration levels of the plant extracts showed acaricidal potential. Activity for 10% and 50% ethanolic extracts of T. rumphii, V. negundo, and A. indica were 73.33% and 93.33%, 63.33% and 93.33%, and 36.67% and 76.67%, respectively. As indicated, T. rumphii showed the best acaricidal activity followed by V. negundo and A. indica. It also showed that only the 50% concentration level of T. rumphii and V. negundo have comparable acaricidal effects with a commercial acaricidal solution. It is recommended that further studies will be conducted to determine the lowest effective concentration level for each leaf extract, its toxicity, its bioactive compounds, and in vivo trials. Less

In this study, the ethanolic leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata was analyzed for qualitative and quantitative composition and evaluated for oral toxicity in Swiss Webster albino mice. The mice were grouped into two and tested for acute (fixed single dose… More

In this study, the ethanolic leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata was analyzed for qualitative and quantitative composition and evaluated for oral toxicity in Swiss Webster albino mice. The mice were grouped into two and tested for acute (fixed single dose of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg) and sub-acute (daily dose of 250 and 500mg/kg extract for 28 days) toxicity. Animal behavior, body weight, morbidity, and mortality were monitored for 14 days (acute) and 28 days (sub-acute), respectively. Hematologic and blood chemistry parameters (alanine transaminase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine) were measured and analyzed. The mice were sacrificed and necropsied at the end of the study, and organ weights were analyzed. Based on the phytochemical analysis, C. odorata contained phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and anthraquinones. Total phenolic and flavonoids were 146.69±10.25 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE/L) and 25.75±2.64 mg quercetin equivalent (QE/g). A single dose of the extract (2000-5000mg/kg) is non-lethal but causes temporary toxicity signs. Repeated doses (250-500 mg/kg) caused low ALT, mortality (500 mg/kg), tachypnea, dry hair coat, and alopecia. Both acute and sub-acute toxicity of the leaf extract hampers growth. Less