The study aimed to evaluate the acaricidal efficacy of the ethanol leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Tinospora rumphii Boerl., and Vitex negundo against Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis. It also aimed to determine the concentration level of each leaf… More

The study aimed to evaluate the acaricidal efficacy of the ethanol leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Tinospora rumphii Boerl., and Vitex negundo against Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis. It also aimed to determine the concentration level of each leaf extract which has the highest acaricidal activity. Ethanolic leaf extracts from the plants were prepared in 10% and 50% concentrations. Mite mortality was not ed as percentage efficacy and was measured 0.5, 1, 2, and 6 hours post-exposure. The study utilized Completed Randomized Design and One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for the data. All concentration levels of the plant extracts showed acaricidal potential. Activity for 10% and 50% ethanolic extracts of T. rumphii, V. negundo, and A. indica were 73.33% and 93.33%, 63.33% and 93.33%, and 36.67% and 76.67%, respectively. As indicated, T. rumphii showed the best acaricidal activity followed by V. negundo and A. indica. It also showed that only the 50% concentration level of T. rumphii and V. negundo have comparable acaricidal effects with a commercial acaricidal solution. It is recommended that further studies will be conducted to determine the lowest effective concentration level for each leaf extract, its toxicity, its bioactive compounds, and in vivo trials. Less

The present study was conducted to compile information on species composition of moths found from Mt. Musuan, Maramag, Bukidnon. The moths were collected using a light trapping method from November to December 2014 on three vegetation types namely grassland, pine… More

The present study was conducted to compile information on species composition of moths found from Mt. Musuan, Maramag, Bukidnon. The moths were collected using a light trapping method from November to December 2014 on three vegetation types namely grassland, pine trees and mixed dipterocarp vegetations of Mt. Musuan. The study revealed the presence of 29 species belonging to 11 families and 24 genera. The species abundance was recorded highest in mixed dipterocarp vegetation with 6.681 mean individuals, followed by in pine tree vegetation with 3.085 mean individuals and 1.723 mean individuals in grasslands. Sixteen (16) species are randomly distributed which includes Asota Hubner, Amerila Walker, Carriola ecnomoda Swinhoe, Creatonotos gangis Linneaus, Nyctemera baulus Boisduval, Oenistis altica Linnaeus, Gastrina cristaria Guenée, Pingasa chlora Stoll, Taxeotis sp. 1 Guest, Hypomecis Hubner, Pingasa ruginaria Guenée, Pinara sp. 1 Walker, Persectania dyscrita Common, Noctuidae sp. 1 Latrielle, Dudusa Walker and Ourapteryx Leach. Therefore, Mt. Musuan is a home of 29 species of moth belonging to twenty-four (24) genera and eleven (11) families. There are 16 species species of moths that are randomly distributed. Less

In this study, the ethanolic leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata was analyzed for qualitative and quantitative composition and evaluated for oral toxicity in Swiss Webster albino mice. The mice were grouped into two and tested for acute (fixed single dose… More

In this study, the ethanolic leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata was analyzed for qualitative and quantitative composition and evaluated for oral toxicity in Swiss Webster albino mice. The mice were grouped into two and tested for acute (fixed single dose of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg) and sub-acute (daily dose of 250 and 500mg/kg extract for 28 days) toxicity. Animal behavior, body weight, morbidity, and mortality were monitored for 14 days (acute) and 28 days (sub-acute), respectively. Hematologic and blood chemistry parameters (alanine transaminase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine) were measured and analyzed. The mice were sacrificed and necropsied at the end of the study, and organ weights were analyzed. Based on the phytochemical analysis, C. odorata contained phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and anthraquinones. Total phenolic and flavonoids were 146.69±10.25 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE/L) and 25.75±2.64 mg quercetin equivalent (QE/g). A single dose of the extract (2000-5000mg/kg) is non-lethal but causes temporary toxicity signs. Repeated doses (250-500 mg/kg) caused low ALT, mortality (500 mg/kg), tachypnea, dry hair coat, and alopecia. Both acute and sub-acute toxicity of the leaf extract hampers growth. Less

This study was conducted to assess the species composition and conservation status of pteridophytes in the north-eastern portion of Mount Timolan Protected Landscape. The studyrevealed a total of 98 species comprising 52 genera from 21 families. Tectariaceae, Polypodiaceae and Dryopteridaceae… More

This study was conducted to assess the species composition and conservation status of pteridophytes in the north-eastern portion of Mount Timolan Protected Landscape. The studyrevealed a total of 98 species comprising 52 genera from 21 families. Tectariaceae, Polypodiaceae and Dryopteridaceae was the most represent family with Tectariaceae accounts the highest in terms of genera (9), followed by Polypodiaceae (8) and Dryopteridaceae (6). Whereas, Polypodiaceae has the highest in terms of species record (16 spp.), tailed by Tectariaceae (14 spp.) and Dryopteridaceae (10 spp.). Out of 98 recorded species, 95 were only identified up to species level. High number of accounted family of terrestrial ferns and lycophytes are known as good ecological indicator taxa for habitat destruction and level of human disturbances. In terms of status, eleven (11 spp.) are endemic to Philippines, eighteen (18 spp.) are economically important species, nine (9 spp.) vulnerable, five (5 spp.) classified as other threatened species and two (2 spp.) are nonnative species of ferns and lycophytes was recorded. Generally, the high species richness of pteridophytes found in the north-eastern portion of Mount Timolan Protected Landscape are influenced by elevation gradient and susceptibility to human disturbances. Less

Flacourtia jangomas, locally known as Seriales is an indigenous fruit tree in the Philippines. It potentially contains important nutrients and bioactive compounds, but it is a less known commodity, with no economic value. Moreover, the fruit is highly prone to… More

Flacourtia jangomas, locally known as Seriales is an indigenous fruit tree in the Philippines. It potentially contains important nutrients and bioactive compounds, but it is a less known commodity, with no economic value. Moreover, the fruit is highly prone to enzymatic browning reaction, resulting to undesirable discoloration once exposed to air. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the changes in the physico-chemical properties of ripe Seriales fruit as affected by boiling time and storage conditions. Ripe Seriales fruits of known weight were exposed to upto 10 minutes of boiling water. Representative samples from each treatment were analysed of its color, total soluble solids, pH, and % titratable acidity. The same procedures were done to samples that had been stored for 19 days in the freezer. The results of the experiment revealed that storage conditions (frozen and not frozen) only affected the b* of the skin of the ripe Seriales fruits, while boiling time affected all other parameters, excepts pH, %TTA, and b* values of the fruit flesh. Less

Pongamia pinnata or “bani” in the Philippines is a non-food crop that can grow on marginal land where food crops do not grow. Its seeds are used for biofuel production such as biodiesel and aviation fuel. It is resilient against… More

Pongamia pinnata or “bani” in the Philippines is a non-food crop that can grow on marginal land where food crops do not grow. Its seeds are used for biofuel production such as biodiesel and aviation fuel. It is resilient against abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity and acidity. It can also grow in nitrogen-limited soils. It is capable of nitrogenfixation activity through its root nodules developed by symbiosis with rhizobia. Rhizobium mesoamericanum (Lopez- Lopez et al., 2012) promotes the nodulation of Pongamia as confirmed by strain symbiotic effectiveness testing where shoot length, number of nodes, number of leaflet ts, nodule number, and plant dry weights were analysed. Variability test was carried out to determine any variability of nodulation in the seeds coming from one mother tree. A time course of nodulation revealed that there was an increasing pattern of nodule number, leghemoglobin concentration, area of zone of infection and dry weights. Nodulation increased when nitrate concentration was increased from 2 to 5 mM, but was inhibited in 10 mM nitrate. Nodulation decreased as salinity increased from 1% to 3%. R. mesomaericanum improved the growth and nodulation in Pongamia, whether as a group or as individual inoculants, provided that a sufficient concentration of the inoculant was achieved. Less

With growing reports of multidrug-resistant pathogens causing untreatable human infections, the need for new antimicrobial therapies is becoming increasingly important. This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial properties of the leaf extracts of Premna odorata Blanco, Petersianthus quadrialatus Merr.,… More

With growing reports of multidrug-resistant pathogens causing untreatable human infections, the need for new antimicrobial therapies is becoming increasingly important. This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial properties of the leaf extracts of Premna odorata Blanco, Petersianthus quadrialatus Merr., Shorea astylosa Foxw., and Tridax procumbens Linn. The medicinal importance of these plants remains understudied despite their abundant distribution and endemism in the Philippines. A disk diffusion assay was utilized to test the antimicrobial properties of T. procumbens leaf extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. On the one hand, the fungal colony and spore germination assay was used to test P. odorata, P. quadrialatus, and S. astylosa leaf extracts against Aspergillus niger. Different concentrations of leaf extracts were prepared and compared with positive and negative controls. T. procumbens minimally inhibits the growth of P. aeruginosa (10 mm) and S. aureus (10 mm), while S. astylosa leaf extracts revealed the most significant inhibition on colony growth (5.38 mm) and spore germination (15). P. odorata and P. quadrialatus showed the least (28.35 mm; 82.17) and moderate (10.97 mm; 49.5) inhibitory potentials, respectively. The discovery of new antimicrobial compounds from these plant extracts is seen as a potential resolve to the pressing problem of antimicrobial resistance. Less

This study analyzed the Hiligaynon speakers’ emotive language and communication devices in online conversation. Issues that went viral on the opening of online classes served as the interaction objects. The researcher used the qualitative research method, specifically, linguistic discourse analysis,… More

This study analyzed the Hiligaynon speakers’ emotive language and communication devices in online conversation. Issues that went viral on the opening of online classes served as the interaction objects. The researcher used the qualitative research method, specifically, linguistic discourse analysis, to describe the online texts in various contexts. Result analysis revealed positive and negative emotive language to the viral posts on learning from home: sarcasm, disgust, optimism, and empathy. Sarcasm and disgust are common in attacks and humor, while optimism and empathy in hypocorisics/endearment and appeals as language devices. The study promotes optimism and empathy for it broadens the students’ attention and thinking towards new learning. These positive feelings give a favorable interest in response to online interaction or other communication situations. With the absence of negativity, positive emotions actively produce health and wellbeing as well. Sarcasm challenges creativity and motivation towards action. Less

Educational buildings are the most suitable type of building for the application of energy audit. Such measures can promote sustainability and ensure a comfortable and healthy environment for educational purposes. This study aimed to assess energy efficiency and conservation of… More

Educational buildings are the most suitable type of building for the application of energy audit. Such measures can promote sustainability and ensure a comfortable and healthy environment for educational purposes. This study aimed to assess energy efficiency and conservation of the College of Engineering specifically the lighting system of the building. A walkthrough audit was made to acquire preliminary assessment on the building. A luxmeter was used to measure illumination (lux). The study showed that the illumination levels did not meet proper standards. Through data logger and theoretical calculations, it was determined that lighting system consisted 44% of total power consumption. These led to the development of a new lighting system (room E209 selected as a sample) composed of F28T5 lamps which improved lighting levels and saved more energy than the old F40T12 lamps. Through calculations, the new lighting systems showed an annual savings of Php5708 for room E209 alone with payback period of 2 years and 3 months. Less

This study analyzed the Hiligaynon speakers’ emotive language and communication devices in online conversation. Issues that went viral on the opening of online classes served as the interaction objects. The researcher used the qualitative research method, specifically, linguistic discourse analysis,… More

This study analyzed the Hiligaynon speakers’ emotive language and communication devices in online conversation. Issues that went viral on the opening of online classes served as the interaction objects. The researcher used the qualitative research method, specifically, linguistic discourse analysis, to describe the online texts in various contexts. Result analysis revealed positive and negative emotive language to the viral posts on learning from home: sarcasm, disgust, optimism, and empathy. Sarcasm and disgust are common in attacks and humor, while optimism and empathy in hypocorisics/endearment and appeals as language devices. The study promotes optimism and empathy for it broadens the students’ attention and thinking towards new learning. These positive feelings give a favorable interest in response to online interaction or other communication situations. With the absence of negativity, positive emotions actively produce health and wellbeing as well. Sarcasm challenges creativity and motivation towards action. Less

Due to threats of agricultural expansion and urbanization, riparian areas of rivers are on the brink of deterioration impacting their ecological functions such as the attenuation of flood disasters. In the urbanizing cities and municipalities of El Salvador, Gingoog and… More

Due to threats of agricultural expansion and urbanization, riparian areas of rivers are on the brink of deterioration impacting their ecological functions such as the attenuation of flood disasters. In the urbanizing cities and municipalities of El Salvador, Gingoog and Jasaan in Misamis Oriental in southern Philippines, rivers are considered critical due to its high risk to flooding occurrence. In order to implement appropriate river management practices in sustaining its ecological services, understanding the rivers’ riparian status is necessary. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the current status of Molugan, Solana and Odiongan rivers riparian condition. Using a check list as a guide, abiotic and biotic components of the upstream, midstream and downstream sites of the rivers were rated and evaluated. Other factors such as land use and land cover pattern, population density, stream order and slope were also taken to account in the assessment. Results showed that all rivers are still in the sub-optimal conditions implied with minimal disturbance and deterioration. However of the three rivers, Odiongan was with the least ideal general riparian habitat condition which may be attributed to the river’s larger size and accessibility to disturbance. Regardless of the good results, conscious regulation for the expansion of agricultural cultivation especially in the upstream areas of the watersheds is still recommended. In addition, appropriate land use zoning must be implemented giving emphasis on the establishment of appropriate riparian vegetation buffer widths and integrating natural conservation strategies. Less

This study focused on the adaptability of public-school teachers from a national high school, in a city schools division in Laguna, Philippines during 2019 – 2020. Using a descriptive type of research design, the study was conducted among 90 respondents… More

This study focused on the adaptability of public-school teachers from a national high school, in a city schools division in Laguna, Philippines during 2019 – 2020. Using a descriptive type of research design, the study was conducted among 90 respondents (with 24 males and 66 females) with the use of survey. The instrument was adopted, modified, and validated by pool of experts with reliability analysis carried out and yielded a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.901 which shows the questionnaire reached an excellent reliability. For the statistical tools, the study include frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The study found that the respondents’ adaptability was “High” in terms of self-awareness, personal management, problem-solving and decision-making, attitude, and knowledge of competencies. Male respondents appeared to be more adaptable than females. Respondents with age greater than 50 obtained a very high adaptability level compared to the rest of the age groups. Respondents with teaching experience 16 – 20 and greater than 30 years got very high adaptability. In conclusion, the participants were highly adaptable even when they are experiencing the pandemic COVID-19. Thus, it is recommended that teachers should communicate with the persons concerned using any medium and understand their situations, and pursue performing their responsibilities. Less

Setup reproducibility is crucial in the delivery of dose in radiotherapy as it determines the accuracy and treatment success of the procedure. Previous studies reported supine as an alternative to prone; however, the comparison was not straightforward as several factors… More

Setup reproducibility is crucial in the delivery of dose in radiotherapy as it determines the accuracy and treatment success of the procedure. Previous studies reported supine as an alternative to prone; however, the comparison was not straightforward as several factors were overlooked. This retrospective study attempted to determine the setup reproducibility as measured by displacement of bony landmarks in the lateral, longitudinal, and vertical axes of supine position relative to the standard prone position. Sixteen rectal cancer patients were positioned in supine (N=6) and prone (N=10) as per radiation oncologists and medical physicists in 2018. On each daily fraction, the displacement of the bony landmark in the three axes was calculated by the medical physicists and radiation therapists, and a total of 61 measurements were recorded. Results revealed that both supine and prone positions demonstrated an unacceptable reproducibility value. The setup reproducibility did not significantly differ in both positions. Based on the results of the study, the supine position, as reported by previous studies to exhibit superior setup reproducibility than prone position, is still unacceptable in radiotherapy of rectal cancer patients. Less

This study is about the assessment of a potential microhydro system in an irrigation canal in Lower Magsaysay, Kuya, Maramag, Bukidnon to power streetlights. The assessment showed that the microhydro have enough potential just to power streetlights. The microhydro system… More

This study is about the assessment of a potential microhydro system in an irrigation canal in Lower Magsaysay, Kuya, Maramag, Bukidnon to power streetlights. The assessment showed that the microhydro have enough potential just to power streetlights. The microhydro system designed utilizes cross flow turbine of 6 kW power output and generator with power rating of 6 kW. The microhydro, based on design specifications, can generate maximum power output of 6 kW, which is enough to power streetlights that can cover longer distance based on the guidelines set by the Department of Energy on road lighting. The microhydro turbine and generator have an estimated cost of Php 81,129.00 and the street light system at Php 308,844.00. Realization of these systems can greatly help the residents in the area in terms of accessibility, safety and security. Less