The study aimed to evaluate the acaricidal efficacy of the ethanol leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Tinospora rumphii Boerl., and Vitex negundo against Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis. It also aimed to determine the concentration level of each leaf… More

The study aimed to evaluate the acaricidal efficacy of the ethanol leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Tinospora rumphii Boerl., and Vitex negundo against Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis. It also aimed to determine the concentration level of each leaf extract which has the highest acaricidal activity. Ethanolic leaf extracts from the plants were prepared in 10% and 50% concentrations. Mite mortality was not ed as percentage efficacy and was measured 0.5, 1, 2, and 6 hours post-exposure. The study utilized Completed Randomized Design and One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for the data. All concentration levels of the plant extracts showed acaricidal potential. Activity for 10% and 50% ethanolic extracts of T. rumphii, V. negundo, and A. indica were 73.33% and 93.33%, 63.33% and 93.33%, and 36.67% and 76.67%, respectively. As indicated, T. rumphii showed the best acaricidal activity followed by V. negundo and A. indica. It also showed that only the 50% concentration level of T. rumphii and V. negundo have comparable acaricidal effects with a commercial acaricidal solution. It is recommended that further studies will be conducted to determine the lowest effective concentration level for each leaf extract, its toxicity, its bioactive compounds, and in vivo trials. Less

The present study was conducted to compile information on species composition of moths found from Mt. Musuan, Maramag, Bukidnon. The moths were collected using a light trapping method from November to December 2014 on three vegetation types namely grassland, pine… More

The present study was conducted to compile information on species composition of moths found from Mt. Musuan, Maramag, Bukidnon. The moths were collected using a light trapping method from November to December 2014 on three vegetation types namely grassland, pine trees and mixed dipterocarp vegetations of Mt. Musuan. The study revealed the presence of 29 species belonging to 11 families and 24 genera. The species abundance was recorded highest in mixed dipterocarp vegetation with 6.681 mean individuals, followed by in pine tree vegetation with 3.085 mean individuals and 1.723 mean individuals in grasslands. Sixteen (16) species are randomly distributed which includes Asota Hubner, Amerila Walker, Carriola ecnomoda Swinhoe, Creatonotos gangis Linneaus, Nyctemera baulus Boisduval, Oenistis altica Linnaeus, Gastrina cristaria Guenée, Pingasa chlora Stoll, Taxeotis sp. 1 Guest, Hypomecis Hubner, Pingasa ruginaria Guenée, Pinara sp. 1 Walker, Persectania dyscrita Common, Noctuidae sp. 1 Latrielle, Dudusa Walker and Ourapteryx Leach. Therefore, Mt. Musuan is a home of 29 species of moth belonging to twenty-four (24) genera and eleven (11) families. There are 16 species species of moths that are randomly distributed. Less

In this study, the ethanolic leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata was analyzed for qualitative and quantitative composition and evaluated for oral toxicity in Swiss Webster albino mice. The mice were grouped into two and tested for acute (fixed single dose… More

In this study, the ethanolic leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata was analyzed for qualitative and quantitative composition and evaluated for oral toxicity in Swiss Webster albino mice. The mice were grouped into two and tested for acute (fixed single dose of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg) and sub-acute (daily dose of 250 and 500mg/kg extract for 28 days) toxicity. Animal behavior, body weight, morbidity, and mortality were monitored for 14 days (acute) and 28 days (sub-acute), respectively. Hematologic and blood chemistry parameters (alanine transaminase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine) were measured and analyzed. The mice were sacrificed and necropsied at the end of the study, and organ weights were analyzed. Based on the phytochemical analysis, C. odorata contained phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and anthraquinones. Total phenolic and flavonoids were 146.69±10.25 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE/L) and 25.75±2.64 mg quercetin equivalent (QE/g). A single dose of the extract (2000-5000mg/kg) is non-lethal but causes temporary toxicity signs. Repeated doses (250-500 mg/kg) caused low ALT, mortality (500 mg/kg), tachypnea, dry hair coat, and alopecia. Both acute and sub-acute toxicity of the leaf extract hampers growth. Less

This study was conducted to assess the species composition and conservation status of pteridophytes in the north-eastern portion of Mount Timolan Protected Landscape. The studyrevealed a total of 98 species comprising 52 genera from 21 families. Tectariaceae, Polypodiaceae and Dryopteridaceae… More

This study was conducted to assess the species composition and conservation status of pteridophytes in the north-eastern portion of Mount Timolan Protected Landscape. The studyrevealed a total of 98 species comprising 52 genera from 21 families. Tectariaceae, Polypodiaceae and Dryopteridaceae was the most represent family with Tectariaceae accounts the highest in terms of genera (9), followed by Polypodiaceae (8) and Dryopteridaceae (6). Whereas, Polypodiaceae has the highest in terms of species record (16 spp.), tailed by Tectariaceae (14 spp.) and Dryopteridaceae (10 spp.). Out of 98 recorded species, 95 were only identified up to species level. High number of accounted family of terrestrial ferns and lycophytes are known as good ecological indicator taxa for habitat destruction and level of human disturbances. In terms of status, eleven (11 spp.) are endemic to Philippines, eighteen (18 spp.) are economically important species, nine (9 spp.) vulnerable, five (5 spp.) classified as other threatened species and two (2 spp.) are nonnative species of ferns and lycophytes was recorded. Generally, the high species richness of pteridophytes found in the north-eastern portion of Mount Timolan Protected Landscape are influenced by elevation gradient and susceptibility to human disturbances. Less

Flacourtia jangomas, locally known as Seriales is an indigenous fruit tree in the Philippines. It potentially contains important nutrients and bioactive compounds, but it is a less known commodity, with no economic value. Moreover, the fruit is highly prone to… More

Flacourtia jangomas, locally known as Seriales is an indigenous fruit tree in the Philippines. It potentially contains important nutrients and bioactive compounds, but it is a less known commodity, with no economic value. Moreover, the fruit is highly prone to enzymatic browning reaction, resulting to undesirable discoloration once exposed to air. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the changes in the physico-chemical properties of ripe Seriales fruit as affected by boiling time and storage conditions. Ripe Seriales fruits of known weight were exposed to upto 10 minutes of boiling water. Representative samples from each treatment were analysed of its color, total soluble solids, pH, and % titratable acidity. The same procedures were done to samples that had been stored for 19 days in the freezer. The results of the experiment revealed that storage conditions (frozen and not frozen) only affected the b* of the skin of the ripe Seriales fruits, while boiling time affected all other parameters, excepts pH, %TTA, and b* values of the fruit flesh. Less

Pongamia pinnata or “bani” in the Philippines is a non-food crop that can grow on marginal land where food crops do not grow. Its seeds are used for biofuel production such as biodiesel and aviation fuel. It is resilient against… More

Pongamia pinnata or “bani” in the Philippines is a non-food crop that can grow on marginal land where food crops do not grow. Its seeds are used for biofuel production such as biodiesel and aviation fuel. It is resilient against abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity and acidity. It can also grow in nitrogen-limited soils. It is capable of nitrogenfixation activity through its root nodules developed by symbiosis with rhizobia. Rhizobium mesoamericanum (Lopez- Lopez et al., 2012) promotes the nodulation of Pongamia as confirmed by strain symbiotic effectiveness testing where shoot length, number of nodes, number of leaflet ts, nodule number, and plant dry weights were analysed. Variability test was carried out to determine any variability of nodulation in the seeds coming from one mother tree. A time course of nodulation revealed that there was an increasing pattern of nodule number, leghemoglobin concentration, area of zone of infection and dry weights. Nodulation increased when nitrate concentration was increased from 2 to 5 mM, but was inhibited in 10 mM nitrate. Nodulation decreased as salinity increased from 1% to 3%. R. mesomaericanum improved the growth and nodulation in Pongamia, whether as a group or as individual inoculants, provided that a sufficient concentration of the inoculant was achieved. Less

With growing reports of multidrug-resistant pathogens causing untreatable human infections, the need for new antimicrobial therapies is becoming increasingly important. This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial properties of the leaf extracts of Premna odorata Blanco, Petersianthus quadrialatus Merr.,… More

With growing reports of multidrug-resistant pathogens causing untreatable human infections, the need for new antimicrobial therapies is becoming increasingly important. This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial properties of the leaf extracts of Premna odorata Blanco, Petersianthus quadrialatus Merr., Shorea astylosa Foxw., and Tridax procumbens Linn. The medicinal importance of these plants remains understudied despite their abundant distribution and endemism in the Philippines. A disk diffusion assay was utilized to test the antimicrobial properties of T. procumbens leaf extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. On the one hand, the fungal colony and spore germination assay was used to test P. odorata, P. quadrialatus, and S. astylosa leaf extracts against Aspergillus niger. Different concentrations of leaf extracts were prepared and compared with positive and negative controls. T. procumbens minimally inhibits the growth of P. aeruginosa (10 mm) and S. aureus (10 mm), while S. astylosa leaf extracts revealed the most significant inhibition on colony growth (5.38 mm) and spore germination (15). P. odorata and P. quadrialatus showed the least (28.35 mm; 82.17) and moderate (10.97 mm; 49.5) inhibitory potentials, respectively. The discovery of new antimicrobial compounds from these plant extracts is seen as a potential resolve to the pressing problem of antimicrobial resistance. Less