Multi-locus Barcoding and Phylogeny of Coelogyne and Dendrochilum Species in Mt. Talomo, Philippines
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52751/cmujs.2025.v1.t1jjf441Keywords:
Coelogyne , DNA Barcoding, ITS, matK, Mindanao EndemicAbstract
DNA barcoding is a vital tool for species identification, effectively complementing traditional morphological approaches, particularly within complex and diverse plant families like Orchidaceae. This study focused on the ten orchid accessions collected from Mt. Talomo, Mindanao, to evaluate the efficacy of employing four barcode loci (rbcL, matK, ITS, trnH-psbA) for precise molecular and taxonomic resolution. DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and Sanger sequencing were performed, with sequences assembled and analyzed using BioEdit, Geneious®, and MEGA12. BLAST comparisons against NCBI confirmed species identities. Results showed that while molecular barcoding generally aligns with morphological classification, the combined matK gene and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region significantly resolved species- and genus-level distinctions. Specifically, matK provided high resolution with several matches showing 100% identity in GenBank, while the ITS region demonstrated superior discriminatory power due to its greater sequence variability, proving highly effective in distinguishing closely related species. Out of ten, nine gave DNA sequences that identified them as Coelogyne or Dendrochilum species. Only three were identified at the species level: This synergistic effect of matK and ITS was instrumental in resolving the identities of Coelogyne species, including the Philippine-endemic Coelogyne coccinea and Coelogyne apoensis, and the native Coelogyne glumacea, all of which face threats from habitat loss and overcollection.
Phylogenetic analysis, particularly using combined matK and ITS sequences, revealed clear barcoding gaps and well-resolved monophyletic clusters for conspecifics. These results underscore the critical role of these combined markers for accurate species identification and advocate for an expanded DNA barcode library to support targeted conservation efforts for Mindanao’s unique and threatened orchid flora.
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